Provided is an operation method of a user equipment performing narrowband Internet of Things-based communication, the operation method including determining a delayed distance based on at least one of a channel characteristic and a channel estimation technique-related coefficient, estimating, based on a time axis, a channel of a target subframe using reference signals of subframes from a start subframe prior to the target subframe to an end subframe corresponding to a determined delayed distance after the target subframe, and decoding the target subframe based on the estimated channel.