Described are systems and methods for memory read calibration based on memory device-originated metadata characterizing voltage distributions. An example memory device comprises: a memory array comprising a plurality of memory cells electrically coupled to a plurality of wordlines; and a controller coupled to the memory array, the controller to perform operations comprising: receiving one or more metadata values characterizing threshold voltage distributions of a subset of the plurality of memory cells connected to one or more bitlines, wherein the one or more metadata values reflect a conductive state of the one or more bitlines; determining a read voltage adjustment value based on the one or more metadata values; and applying the read voltage adjustment value for reading the subset of the plurality of memory cells.