Provided is a method of purifying nucleic acids using hydrogen bonding and an electric field, including: bringing a sample containing target nucleic acids into contact with an electrode coated with a material capable of forming hydrogen bonds with the target nucleic acids; applying a positive voltage to the electrode to move the target nucleic acids closer to the electrode so as to form hydrogen bonds with the material on the electrode; washing the electrode; and applying to the electrode a negative voltage to elute the bound target nucleic acids. According to the method, selectivity to nucleic acids and proteins increases due to hydrogen bonding, nucleic acid purification is possible within a short time through an electric field, and the bound nucleic acids can be efficiently eluted.