An image decoding method according to the present document comprises the steps of: deriving flag information indicating whether valid coefficients are present in a second area excluding a first area of the upper left corner of the current block; parsing an MTS index from a bitstream on the basis of the flag information indicating the absence of valid coefficients in the second area; and deriving residual samples for the current block by applying a conversion kernel derived on the basis of the MTS index to conversion coefficients of the first area, wherein the flag information may be derived by determining, for each scan sub-block in which the valid coefficients are scanned, whether the valid coefficients are present in the second area.