According to the present invention, provided is a mask blank (10), in which: a light shielding film (4) has a single layer structure or a laminate structure of a plurality of layers; at least one layer of the light shielding film (4) is formed of a material which contains a transition metal and silicon and is free from nitrogen and oxygen, or a material which contains a transition metal, silicon, and nitrogen and satisfies a condition of the following expression (1); a phase shift film (2) has a surface layer and a layer other than the surface layer; and the layer other than the surface layer is formed of a material which contains a transition metal, silicon, nitrogen, and oxygen, has a content of oxygen of 3 atom % or more, and satisfies a condition of the following expression (A). CN≤9.0×10−6×RM4−1.65×10−4×RM3−7.718×10−2×RM2+3.611×RM−21.084   Expression (1) 0.04×AS−0.06×AM>1  Expression (A)