The present disclosure discloses a pad-steam bleaching method based on a TBLC-activated hydrogen peroxide system, and belongs to the field of pretreatment processing of textiles. According to the pad-steam bleaching method based on the TBLC-activated hydrogen peroxide system, TBCC and H2O2 are compounded with a weak base to prepare a TBCC/H2O2/weak base system for performing near-neutral bleaching on cotton fabrics; the fabrics are padded and then steamed to be bleached. By the method disclosed by the present disclosure, the whiteness of fabric treated for 2 minutes by a TBCC/H2O2/sodium citrate padding and steaming system is significantly superior to that of fabric treated for 60 minutes by an H2O2/NaOH dip bleaching system. The CIE whiteness of the fabric reaches 77 and above, the fabric wettability after treatment is also improved, the damage of the fabric is smaller, and the amount of water used by the method is small. The fabric only needs to have a certain wet pick-up, and a large amount of fabric can be treated by a certain volume of solution, which effectively reduces waste water treatment, saves energy and protects the environment; the method requires a short treatment time and has high bleaching efficiency.