Disclosed are a communication technique for merging, with IoT technology, a 5G communication system for supporting a data transmission rate higher than that of a 4G system, and a system therefor. The disclosed technique and system can be applied to intelligent services (for example, smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car or connected car, health care, digital education, retailing, security and safety related services, and the like) on the basis of 5G communication technology and IoT related technology. A method for controlling uplink transmission power of a terminal in a wireless communication system comprises the steps of: initializing a power control adjustment value when a repetition level for a coverage enhancement mode is changed; updating the power control adjustment value according to a transmission power control (TPC) command received from a base station; calculating uplink transmission power on the basis of the updated power control adjustment value and the repetition level; and transmitting uplink data or control information by the calculated uplink transmission power.