A receiving device and method using a single RF chain includes a reception antenna module radiating a plurality of orthogonal beam patterns to receive a signal, a single RF chain processing a reception signal from the reception antenna module, a signal component extracting unit extracting a reception signal component corresponding to each beam pattern using the reception signal received through the reception antenna module and the single RF chain and a code value previously allocated to the plurality of beam patterns, and a beam pattern controller controlling a beam pattern radiated by the reception antenna module.