The utility model discloses an efficient water circulation system for mud suction and sinking of an open caisson. The system comprises spoil fields which are sequentially connected from high to low, The system comprises a secondary sedimentation tank, a mud transfer tank, a water circulation recovery tank and an open caisson hole, an open caisson annular ditch is further connected between the water circulation recovery tank and the open caisson hole, the open caisson annular ditch is arranged around the periphery of the open caisson hole, and a spoil disposal field is further connected with the open caisson hole through a mud suction machine to form a circulation system. According to the system, the principle of descending from a spoil field to an open caisson hole is adopted, the terrainadvantage is completely utilized for backflow and recycling of construction water, and electric energy consumption caused by insufficient water supply capacity is eliminated; A plurality of reservoirsare organically combined, so that silt is effectively precipitated, the abrasion loss of water supply equipment is reduced, and the defects of low active water pumping and replenishing efficiency, high energy consumption, untimely water replenishing and the like of a traditional water pump are overcome; By using the system, the problems of insufficient utilization of sinking water resources of the large open caisson, energy waste and the like can be solved in a targeted manner.