The invention discloses a bridge pier anti-collision protective cylinder with low rigidity and high energy consumption. The anti-collision protective cylinder is of an annular columnar structure formed by connecting 2-4 anti-collision protective sheets through a pin rod system, and the anti-collision protective sheets are independent from each other and can be freely transported, installed, dismantled and replaced, so that maintenance and replacement after vehicle and ship impact are facilitated. The anti-collision protective sheets are filled with negative Poisson ratio cavity modules, so that the anti-collision protective sheets not only have the advantage of small initial rigidity of cavity structures, but also have special mechanical properties of the negative Poisson ratio structure,transverse compression also occurs when longitudinal compression occurs when vehicle and ship impact happens, the cavity structures are collected to an impacted area, local density and lateral rigidity are increased, and damping force and the energy absorption effect can be effectively improved. The protective cylinder has the beneficial effects of small initial rigidity, compression reinforcement, high bearing capacity, high energy consumption and the like. In addition, through the variable thickness design of negative Poisson ratio cavity module pressure-bearing plates, gradient energy consumption and gradient rigidity can be realized, and good buffer adaptability is achieved for vehicle and ship impacts under different impact energies.