The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicles and to a method and system for switching the modes of a hydrogen fuel cell air compressor. The method for switching the modes of the hydrogen fuel cell air compressor comprises the following steps that: a corresponding switching mode is executed according to the current state of a selector switch; and the mode switching of the air compressoris achieved according to the currently executed switching mode on the basis of the rotating speed and required power of the air compressor. Since the mode switching of the air compressor is achievedaccording to the currently executed switching mode, air flow control precision and control responsiveness can be improved, the stability of an air control system can be ensured in a low-rotating-speedand small-load area, the power response of a fuel cell is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell is prolonged. By means of the mode switching of the air compressor, different modes can be executed under different working conditions; the air compressor is made to operate in an open-loop mode according to working conditions, and therefore, requirements for the responsiveness and rapidity of air control can be met, coupling interference of multiple actuators can be eliminated, and stable control is achieved.