The invention discloses a fish excrement sewage treatment and cyclic utilization system for fish breeding in a fishpond, which is characterized in that effluent of a pond surface outlet sequentially passes through a micro-filter, an ultraviolet sterilizer and a boiling type moving bed biological filter and then returns to the fishpond, and backwashing water of the micro-filter enters a fish excrement collecting pond; the sewage in the fish manure collecting tank enters a fish manure rotary drum thickener to be concentrated, wherein clear water discharged from the fish manure rotary drum thickener enters a water return tank, a concentrated solution discharged from the fish manure rotary drum thickener sequentially enters an anaerobic fermentation tank, a first aerobic tank, a sedimentationtank, a biological filter tank and a tail liquid tank; and water in the tail liquid tank enters a vegetable cultivation system; the vegetable cultivation system comprises a fertilizer water tank, a water-fertilizer integrated system and a vegetable cultivation area; water in the water return tank enters the second aerobic tank, an outlet of the second aerobic tank is connected with the ultravioletsterilizer, an outlet of the ultraviolet sterilizer is connected with the filtering device, and water filtered by the filtering device returns to the fishpond. The growth environment of fishes and vegetables is controllable, and disaster risks are effectively reduced.