The invention discloses a clamping device and a carrying system for square parts, and the clamping device is used for clamping the square parts in a vertical state in a wafer cleaning production line.The clamping device comprises a framework, a first gas cylinder, a second gas cylinder, a left arm and a right arm, wherein a first slide rail and a second slide rail, which are in the horizontal state, are fixed in the framework; a main body of the first gas cylinder is arranged on the first slide rail in a sliding mode; the piston of the first gas cylinder is fixedly connected on the framework;the piston of the first gas cylinder is positioned at the left side of the main body of the first gas cylinder; the main body of the second gas cylinder is arranged on the second slide rail in the sliding mode; the piston of the second gas cylinder is fixedly connected on the framework; and the piston of the second gas cylinder is positioned at the right side of the main body of the second gas cylinder. Two kinds of reverse force are utilized to generate parallel reverse motion of a first horizontal arm and a second horizontal arm, and a vertical clamp is driven to precisely and stably clampthe square parts.