The invention provides a turmeric quality detection method. The turmeric quality detection method comprises the following operation steps: 1) preparing an internal standard solution; 2) preparing a test sample solution: preparing a volatile oil test sample solution and an aromatic water test sample solution; 3) respectively injecting volatile oil and an aromatic water test sample solution into a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry; and 4) calculating the relative content of the volatile oil component and the volatile component in the aromatic water by using an internal standard method. The turmeric volatile oil quality detection method can detect 32 volatile components in turmeric volatile oil and 62 volatile components in aromatic water, can reflect the overall appearance of the turmericvolatile oil, is reliable in result, provides a new method for quality control of the turmeric volatile oil, can be used for distinguishing the quality of turmeric medicinal materials from differentproduction places, and has wide application prospects.