The invention discloses a variable intake manifold device based on a negative Poisson's ratio structure. The device comprises an intake sleeve, an air guide boss, an actuator and a transmission system. A round hole is drilled in the wall of the intake sleeve and used for being connected with the transmission system, the air guide boss is an arc-shaped ramp and is fixed to the inner wall of the intake sleeve, and airflow in the intake sleeve moves along the ramp of the air guide boss. By means of the stretching (pressing) expanding (shrinking) characteristics of a negative Poisson's ratio material, intake sections can be adjusted according to different rotating speeds of an engine, and the effect of continuous variable intake is completed within a certain range. The negative Poisson's ratiovariable intake manifold device is simple in mechanism, the overall weight of an engine intake system is reduced, the combustion efficiency of the engine is improved at different rotating speeds, theperformance of the engine is improved, and the variable intake manifold device is suitable for work of the automobile engine under different working conditions.