The invention relates to a preparation method of high-yield 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine. According to the method, 2-halogenated acrylate serves as an initial raw material and is sequentially condensed with nitromethane and triethyl orthoformate and cyclized with pyridine to obtain 2-hydroxy-5-nitropyridine, and then the 2-chloro-5-nitropyridine is prepared by chlorination. Used raw materials are lowin cost and easy to obtain, operation is simple and convenient, conditions are mild, nitration reaction is omitted, wastewater quantity is small, operation safety is high, product yield and purity arehigh, and the cost is low.