The invention discloses a deicing target recognition method based on visual servo, which comprises the steps that a visual sensor module collects a current image frame including an icing cable and transmits the collected current image frame to a control system; the control system receives a tracking instruction inputted by an input device and then performs image recognition; obtaining the projection width of the diameter of the icing cable in a camera plane and the y-axis coordinate of the icing cable in an image plane through image recognition; calculating the true distance between the ice coating and the equipment according to the focal length; calculating coordinates of a laser point in the image plane to serve as target coordinates and the true diameter of the icing cable; performing coordinate calculation from an image plane coordinate system to an angular coordinate system; calculating the angular coordinates of the laser point and the y-axis angular coordinate of the icing cable; and calculating the rotation angle of a turntable, sending a command to the turntable by an industrial control computer so as to enable the laser point to coincide with a cutting point, and startingcutting. The deicing target recognition method performs accurate tracking on a target in allusion to characteristics of ice-covered cables, and improves the laser operating efficiency.