The invention provides a preparation method for a full Stokes vector polarizer based on a surface plasmon. The vector polarizer comprises a transparent substrate and a metal layer located on the substrate, wherein the metal layer consists of unit cell arrays, each unit cell comprises a metal wire grid structure with tendency of 0 degree, a metal wire grid structure with tendency of 90 degrees, a metal wire grid structure with tendency of 45 degrees and a chiral structure; each chiral structure comprises Z type structural unit arrays; transmittance of a linear polaroid is 85% or higher, and theextinction ratio is 50 dB or higher; transmittance of right-handed circularly polarized light is 60% at the wavelength of 1.6 mu m, transmittance of left-handed circularly polarized light is 4%, andcircular dichroism can reach 56%, and real-time fully polarized imaging can be achieved. The vector polarizer has the characteristics of being wide in wave band, simple in structure and easy to manufacture, and has great application value in future optical sensing systems, advanced nano-photon devices and integrated optical systems.