A composite microstructure current collector for a lithium ion battery and a fabricating method therefor. The composite microstructure current collector comprises a smooth bottom surface (9) and a top surface having a composite microstructure. The top surface comprises micro protrusions (10) and grooves (11). The micro protrusions (10) are surrounded by the grooves (11) and are provided with concave holes, scaly burrs, and sunken structures. The fabricating method comprises the following steps: (1) design of a cutter and pretreatment of copper sheets; and (2) the processing of the surface microstructure by furrowing.