The invention relates to the technical field of aerial trains of airborne rails, and particularly provides a train stop device, a superimposed damping device and system and an impact protection system. The problem is mainly solved that existing train stoppers cause large impact damage to the aerial trains. In order to achieve the purpose, the train stop device comprises a train body contact deviceand at least one superimposed damping device; the train body contact device is slidably erected on a rail beam and used for directly performing running resistance on a train body under the state of being contact with the train body; the superimposed damping devices are slidably erected on the rail beam and arranged between the train body contact device and a predetermined position; the predetermined position is a pre-defined limitation position where the aerial trains are allowed to run; the superimposed damping devices and the train body contact device can be superposed in the longitudinal direction of the rail beam to increase the resistance. The friction between the aerial trains and the rail beam can be increased through the train stop device, and the damage to the aerial trains is avoided.