The invention discloses a bus fire accident risk assessment method. The specific assessment method comprises the three steps of 1, determining a value of a bus fire accident occurrence probability; 2,determining a bus fire accident risk level; and 3, performing bus fire accident risk early warning. The step 1 comprises the sub-steps of establishing a bus fire accident risk factor library; according to a bus running state, obtaining values of risk assessment indexes; and determining the bus fire accident occurrence probability. The six risk assessment indexes are a vehicle safety technology status, whether passengers carry flammable and combustible materials or not, a vehicle inside temperature, whether driver operation meets a driver safety operation specification or not, a vehicle insidecrowding degree and a vehicle outside environment temperature. By applying the assessment method, the bus fire accident occurrence probability can be quantitatively determined; the assessment processis simple; the operability is high; and a management basis can be provided for traffic safety management, social safety maintenance and the like.