The invention discloses a belted threshing machine. A fixed frame and a movable frame are respectively arranged at the upper part of a rack, the movable frame is arranged at the upper side of the fixed frame, and a distance adjusting and positioning mechanism is arranged between the two frames. A rubbing belt pulley is arranged on each of the two frames, an upper-layer rubbing belt and a lower-layer rubbing belt respectively surround the two frames, and rotating speeds of the two rubbing belts are different; and a feeding hole with guiding effect is formed in an inlet of each rubbing belt, anda discharging hole is formed in an outlet of each rubbing belt. The belted threshing machine disclosed by the invention has the advantages that contact surfaces of the upper and lower rubbing belts are the same in movement direction, direction of inverted V-shaped convex teeth arranged on the surfaces of the rubbing belts is the same with the movement direction; rubbing separation on crops is realized by controlling speed difference of the upper and lower rubbing belts, and effect is obvious; and threshing efficiency can be improved, damage of soybean seeds can be reduced, a cleaning mechanism can realize primary classification on the soybean seeds, and the belted threshing machine is simple in structure and small in size, so that the belted threshing machine is applicable to being used in a test field.