The invention discloses a laboratory detection device and evaluation method for the catalytic coefficient of a material surface based on LIF detection. The detection device comprises a laser inductionsource, a laser incidence regulating optical path, a hollow water-cooled stainless steel cavity, a high-power fiber-coupled laser, an energy meter, a radio frequency power, a fluorescence imaging optical path, an acquisition device, a dual-colorimetric pyrometer and a synchronous trigger device. According to the invention, in radio frequency inductively coupled plasma, a laser-induced fluorescence spectral diagnosis method is used for non-contact high-precision synchronous in-situ measurement of oxygen atom concentrations, temperature and other information of the material surface, and the catalytic coefficient of oxygen atoms on the material surface is directly obtained through cooperative usage of the atomic molar fraction gradient theory, thereby realizing non-contact accurate in-situ characterization and evaluation of the catalytic coefficient of the material surface under the conditions of different environmental parameters.