The invention discloses a non-guide-rope self-supporting modularized vertical shaft excavating and building construction device. The non-guide-rope self-supporting modularized vertical shaft excavating and building construction device is characterized in that the non-guide-rope self-supporting modularized vertical shaft excavating and building construction device comprises stepping-type walking devices, a protective disc and a working disc, wherein the protective disc and the working disc are fixedly connected through inner guide rails, the stepping-type walking devices comprise outer guide rails and push-pull rods, one end of each push-pull rod is fixed to the lower surface of the working disc, and the other end of each push-pull rod is hinged to the end surface of the corresponding outer guide rail. The non-guide-rope self-supporting modularized vertical shaft excavating and building construction device is strong in independence and can be suitable for excavating and building construction of a deep shaft with the depth greater than kilometers; and, in addition, a stepping-type formwork supporting device is simple in operation, and therefore the working efficiency is enhanced greatly.