The invention discloses a large-sized air-inflating thin film light-shielding cover structure with expanded space. The large-sized air-inflating thin film light-shielding cover structure comprises a light-shielding cover base fixedly connected with a space camera base, and folding cylinders distributed along the light-shielding cover base; the folding cylinders are sleeved with an air-inflating pipe framework; the large-sized air-inflating thin film light-shielding cover structure also comprises adjusting rope-rods which are expanded and pulled on the surface of the air-inflating pipe framework and used for performing unfolding control of the air-inflating pipe framework, and a light-shielding thin film which is glued on the outer side of the air-inflating pipe framework to form rope net reinforcement of the light-shielding cover; and air-inflating tanks which are corresponding to and connected with the air-inflating pipe framework are arranged on the light-shielding cover base, wherein the air-inflating tanks and the folding cylinders on the light-shielding cover base are fixedly connected with the light-shielding cover base in a manner of inward arrangement in sequence based on the peak position of a regular n polygon in the radial direction. By adoption of the large-sized air-inflating thin film light-shielding cover structure, feedback control can be performed by only adjusting the rope length/rope force in the unfolding process, without needing other driving and sensing apparatuses; and in addition, the large-sized air-inflating thin film light-shielding cover structure has the advantages of simple structure, light weight, small size, low storage space requirement, low manufacturing cost and the like, and can satisfy the light weight requirement of a spacecraft.