The invention provides a one belt and one road orbital transfer mechanism and a conveying device and belongs to the technical field of rail transportation. The one belt and one road orbital transfer mechanism comprises a first fixed shelf, a second fixed shelf, an overturning platform, a overturning driving mechanism and a positioning mechanism. The overturning platform is of a frame structure and is provided with a first surface and a second surface. A straight traveling track is arranged on the first surface. A curved traveling track is arranged on the second surface. The overturning driving mechanism is used for connecting the overturning platform with the first fixed shelf and the second fixed shelf rotationally. The positioning mechanism is used for fixing the overturning platform and comprises a first positioning assembly and a second positioning assembly. The first positioning assembly is installed on the first fixed shelf fixedly. The second positioning assembly is arranged on the second fixed shelf fixedly. The conveying device is provided with the one belt and one road orbital transfer mechanism, and the problems that the straight track and the curved track cannot be switched quickly in the process of traditional rail transportation are solved greatly.