The invention relates to the technical field of streetlight monitoring, and discloses a self-adaptive streetlight communication system and method to intelligently and steadily adjust the state of a streetlight. The self-adaptive streetlight communication method provided by the invention comprises the steps that the communication connection of the nodes of the system is established for data exchange, wherein any concentrator adopts a same frequency time division method to acquire moving information determined by each supervised monitoring terminal, and then adopts a time division multiplexing method to send the moving information determined by each supervised monitoring terminal to an adjacent concentrator and/or a remote server; the communication frequency between each concentrator and the supervised monitoring terminal is uniformly distributed by the remote server, so that the downstream communication frequency of adjacent concentrators can be prevented from mutual interference; and after any monitoring terminal detects a moving target and determines the moving information, the corresponding streetlight state is adjusted according to the locally determined moving information, moving information forwarded by a corresponding concentrator or an instruction.