The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, and discloses a dynamic calibration test bench of a force measurement wheel pair. The test bench comprises a loading system for carrying out loading on the force measurement wheel pair, a support system for supporting the force measurement wheel pair and the loading system, and a power system for allowing the force measurement wheel pair to be switched between a static calibration state and a dynamic calibration state. In the static calibration state, the power system can allow the force measurement wheel pair to rotate to any angle for loading. In the dynamic calibration state, the power system can allow the force measurement wheel pair to continue to rotate at a low speed for loading. According to the invention, switching of the force measurement wheel pair between a dynamic loading test and a scale division loading test is achieved; data calibrated under dynamic loading is well continuous; the final result analysis is quite precise; and scale division loading of the force measurement wheel pair in the static state is also kept.