The invention discloses a temperature control system of a power lithium battery. According to the technical scheme of the invention, the temperature control system of the power lithium battery comprises a lithium battery and a fuel battery, wherein the fuel battery comprises a methanol tank for storing a methanol solution; the methanol tank is connected with a buffer tank; the lithium battery is connected with a metallic heat exchange packet; the metallic heat exchange packet is a cavity for wrapping the surface of the lithium battery; the metallic heat exchange packet is connected with the buffer tank; a pressure release valve is connected between the metallic heat exchange packet and the buffer tank; the metallic heat exchange packet is connected with the methanol tank; a temperature sensor is arranged inside the metallic heat exchange packet, and is connected with an alarm device; a circulation pump is connected between the metallic heat exchange packet and the buffer tank; the buffer tank is provided with a connecting tube which is directly connected with a reformation chamber of the fuel battery; an electric heating device is arranged in the metallic heat exchange packet. By adopting the scheme of the invention, the power lithium battery temperature control system is capable of effectively radiating heat and heating the lithium battery, and in addition is high in energy utilization rate.