The invention provides a four-single-body direct balancing device and method of a series energy storage body, relates to a series energy storage group balancing circuit, and aims at solving the problems that an existing balancing device cannot solve the problem of point-to-point direct energy transfer between any two energy storage single bodies, the energy balancing path is long and the energy balancing efficiency is low. The series energy storage body is formed by connecting four energy storage single bodies in series, wherein each two energy storage single bodies are taken as one group; the four-single-body direct balancing device comprises four coupling inductors and six two-way switches; direct energy transfer between any single bodies can be achieved through controlling the two-way switches; a Buck-Boost working mode is adopted during energy balancing within groups; and a flyback working mode is adopted during energy balancing between groups. According to the four-single-body direct balancing device and method of the series energy storage body, the implementation mode is simple, the energy transfer path in the balancing process is short, the balancing speed is relatively high and the balancing efficiency is relatively high.