An execution mechanism visual calibration method provided by the present invention comprises the steps of starting a test calibration program, using an execution unit to pick up a calibration film in a calibration tooling and returning to an imaging range of a component camera; enabling the execution unit to move along an X-axis direction of the execution mechanism, calibrating the included angle of the component camera and the X-axis direction of the execution mechanism and the proportion coefficient of the component camera; using the execution unit to drive the calibration film to rotate, and determining the rotation center data of the execution unit; placing the calibration film on a working platform via the execution unit, enabling a marking camera to move along the X-axis direction of the execution mechanism, and calibrating the proportion coefficient of the marking camera; determining the relative position data between the execution unit and the marking camera; comparing the difference value of the calibration data and the theoretical data, and ending a calibration process if the difference value accords with requirements; otherwise, circularly executing the above steps. By utilizing the above execution mechanism visual calibration method, the human intervention during the calibration process can be reduced, and the visual calibration precision of the execution mechanism is improved.