The invention discloses a temperature-adaptive heat storage type compressed air energy storage system which is applicable to the fields such as power grid peak load shifting, distributed energy resources and renewable energy resources. By adding multi-flow-channel regenerators and an intermediate temperature heat storage tank, adaptive regulation of air outlet temperature and heat storage working medium outlet temperature and gradient utilization of different qualities of energy can be realized, and the efficiency and control flexibility of the system can be improved. By adopting the temperature-adaptive heat storage type compressed air energy storage system, the problems of great temperature fluctuation and the like of a traditional compressed air energy storage system during wet air condensation and unsteady-state operation are solved, and development and large-scale commercial application of the compressed air energy storage technology can be promoted.