The invention discloses an adjustment device of a diving speed and a rising speed of a submarine vehicle. The adjustment device comprises a transverse connecting shaft; the connecting shaft is rotationally supported on a submarine vehicle body; the two ends of the connecting shaft are symmetrical around a central longitudinal section of the submarine vehicle; two stabilizing fins of the submarine vehicle are fixedly connected with the two ends of the connecting shaft respectively; the connecting shaft is peripherally and coaxially connected with a driving hub in a sleeving manner, and is in key connection with the driving hub; the driving hub is fixedly connected with one end of a guide shaft; a sliding block is slidingly arranged on the guide shaft; a baffle plate is fixedly arranged at the other end of the guide shaft, and is used for limiting the sliding block; the sliding block is hinged to the end part of a piston rod of an oil cylinder and one end of a crank; a cylinder body of the oil cylinder and the other end of the crank are hinged to the submarine vehicle body; a hinge center where the crank is hinged to the submarine vehicle body is located directly above the center line of the connecting shaft; and a hinge center where the cylinder body of the oil cylinder is hinged to the submarine vehicle body is located, in the vertical direction, between the center line of the connecting shaft and the hinge center where the crank is hinged to the submarine vehicle body. Through adjustment on a horizontal state and a vertical state of the stabilizing fins, the increasing of the diving speed and the rising speed of the submarine vehicle can be realized.