The invention discloses a comprehensive setting method suitable for original roughness of surfaces of upper and lower working rolls of a cold continuous rolling unit, belonging to the field of cold rolling. The method is characterized in that according to the coining ratio relative coefficient of the upper and lower surfaces of strip steel of the unit, product technological parameters and on-site technological parameters in a roll changing cycle are collected; real-time roughness of the upper and lower working rolls when the kth reel is produced is obtained; optimization setting values of roughness of the upper and lower rolls are calculated; by setting reasonable original roughness of the surfaces of the upper and lower working rolls, the difference of emulsion adhesion amount of the upper and lower surfaces of the strip steel is compensated through the roughness setting of the upper and lower working rolls, and roughness difference between the upper and lower surfaces of the strip steel is then reduced, so that the surface quality of the strip steel is ensured. The comprehensive setting method can be widely applied to machining treatment of the surfaces of the upper and lower working rolls of the cold continuous rolling unit and the field of production technique control of the cold continuous rolling unit.