The invention discloses a catalysis and synthesis method of a heterocyclic nitrile compound. The method includes the following steps that firstly, a propargylamide compound, tert-butyl nitrite, hydroxyl phthalic diamide, a catalyst and an auxiliary catalyst are added into a pressure-resistant sealed reaction container containing a solvent, nitrogen is introduced, and then stirring reaction is conducted in oil bath at 50-100 DEG C; secondly, after reaction, the reaction product of the first step is taken out from the pressure-resistant sealed reaction container and cooled to room temperature, ethyl acetate is added and fully mixed, and an organic phase is obtained; thirdly, the solvent in the organic phase obtained in the second step is spin-dried, purification is conducted through a silica column, and then the product is washed with eluent which is a mixed solution of petroleum ether and ethyl acetate. In the catalysis and synthesis method, under the participation of transition metal, the propargylamide compound reacts through bimetallic catalysis reaction to obtain the heterocyclic nitrile compound, the reaction can quickly build the heterocyclic nitrile compound, cyano groups can be converted into various groups, and nitrile compounds can be selectively obtained.