The invention discloses a product temperature control system in the case of an atmospheric pressure high and low temperature test for precise temperature control on test product temperature distribution. The temperature control system comprises an environment simulation box, heating sheets, a platinum resistor, a heat insulation assembly, a data acquisition and control device, and a power supply, wherein the environment simulation box is used for providing an environment temperature meeting requirements for the test product and simultaneously avoiding influences from condensed water; multiple heating sheets are in serial and parallel connection to form a heating loop, and after power supply, heat is provided for an end frame flange; the platinum resistor is used for measuring the temperature value of a corresponding area of the end frame flange; the heat insulation assembly is used for reducing heat leakage to an environment at a low temperature by the test product, improving the heat utilization rate of the heating loop and reducing influences from the heat of the heating sheets to an external environment; the data acquisition and control device acquires the temperature value of the platinum resistor, compares and judges the temperature measurement value with a set temperature threshold for controlling on and off of the temperature control loop and on and off of power of the heating sheets; and a programmable power supply provides power for the heating sheets according to an instruction of the data acquisition and control device.