The invention discloses a storage battery protection control method based on super-capacitor SOC fault identification and belongs to the field of composite power electric vehicles. When a driver intends to accelerate, a management system of a super capacitor judges the state of the super capacitor under the condition when estimating that the obtained super capacitor SOC value is estimated to be smaller than the threshold value of the super capacitor SOC value; if the super capacitor is in a misjudgment state, the threshold value of the super capacitor SOC value, the current vehicle speed and the required torque are used as input parameters to be together input into a power divider so that power distribution between the super capacitor and a storage battery can be conducted; and if the super capacitor is in a fault state, an accelerator pedal is controlled through an accelerator pedal controller, an alarm device is started, and displaying of an instrument panel is conducted. The storage battery protection control method based on super-capacitor SOC fault identification is a control method for super-capacitor SOC fault identification and mainly used for the condition that the detected super capacitor SOC value is smaller than the threshold value when the driver prepares to accelerate, the storage battery is effectively protected, high-current discharge of the storage battery is avoided, and the life of the storage battery is prolonged.