The invention discloses a high-reliability train position detection method. The high-reliability train position detection method comprises steps as follows: corresponding electromagnetic transducer information in a section is processed through data processing units I, and occupation information of four tracks and train direction information are obtained; a data processing unit II is used for logically configuring information of two data processing units I in the same horizontal coordinate, gathering information for logic judgment and giving large-section information, and the large-section information comprises occupation/clearing information of a large section, forward-travelling information of a train, reverse-travelling information of the train and equipment failure information; a data processing unit III is a train position detection unit and is used for correctly judging the position and the direction of the train according to information of a track and direction detection unit and predicting the distance between the train and a split-phase section to output different voltages to a neutral section. The method can completely meet the demands of a continuous power supply system for train position detection during split phase passing of a catenary train and can be popularized to occasions with other similar demands.