The invention relates to a typical condition simulated loading type power knife rest detecting monitoring method and device, and overcomes the problems that detected data cannot reflect practical performance of a knife rest, influence of different typical conditions on the performance of the power knife rest cannot be obtained, the rule of precision decline cannot be obtained, and faults of the knife rest cannot be predicted in the prior art. The power knife rest, a support part of the power knife rest, a servo knife rest part performance detecting and monitoring unit, a power output part performance detecting and monitoring unit, a dynamic cutting force loading part, a power head loading part and an automatic control part are included. The typical condition simulated loading type power knife rest detecting monitoring method comprises the following steps that the models and amount of power knife rests to be detected are determined; typical conditions, loaded in the simulated manner, of the power knife rests to be detected and performance parameters to be detected and monitored are determined; the power knife rests to be detected are fixed on the support part of the power knife rests; and performance detection and monitoring of the power knife rests are divided into four portions.