The invention provides a road adhesion coefficient estimation method for a four-wheel all-drive electric automobile. The method is characterized in that a system comprises a left front wheel speed sensor, a right front wheel speed sensor, an automobile speed sensor, a yaw velocity sensor, a lateral acceleration sensor, a longitudinal acceleration sensor, an aligning torque sensor, a front wheel angle sensor, a slip rate calculation unit, an automobile working condition judgment unit and a road adhesion coefficient estimation unit; all the sensors obtain automobile posture parameters; the slip rate is calculated through the slip rate calculation unit; the automobile working condition judgment unit judges an automobile travel state and selects the road adhesion coefficient estimation method according to the automobile posture parameters; and the road adhesion coefficient estimation unit estimates the road adhesion coefficient according to the selected method. By the adoption of the method, the road adhesion coefficient is accurately estimated in real time.