The invention discloses a trepang catching robot based on propeller driving and belongs to the field of marine fishing equipment. The trepang catching robot is composed of a tow, an upper cover, air bags, a shell, a propeller rotating motor, a propeller, a lower port, an inner assembly and outer-engine CCDs. The trepang catching robot is characterized in that the upper cover is installed at the upper end of the shell, and the tow is located in the middle of the upper portion of the robot and connected with components in an engine, penetrates out of a middle hole in the upper cover and upwards extends to an operation platform on board; the eight air bags are installed on the eight corners of the exterior of the shell, the propeller rotating motor is installed in the middle of the outer surface of the shell, the propeller is installed on an output flange of the propeller rotating motor, the four outer-engine CCDs are installed in the middle of the lower ends of the four faces of the shell, the lower port is formed in the lower portion of the shell, and the inner assembly is installed in the shell and provided with a plurality of motors, a conveyor belt, paws and the like. The trepang catching robot can achieve auxiliary underwater trepang catching.