The invention relates to a thin plate weld with trailing deformation control device and method with dynamic hot stretching and chilling combined. The thin plate weld with trailing deformation control device comprises a walking module, a connecting device and a weld with trailing deformation control module. The weld with trailing deformation control module is borne on the walking module through the connecting device. The weld with trailing deformation control module comprises a dynamic hot stretching module, welding gun modules and a trailing intensive cooling module. Parallel transverse swing heating of dual TIG arcs can be achieved through the dynamic hot stretching module. The thin plate weld with trailing deformation control method comprises the steps that the TIG arcs are used for carrying out dynamic hot stretching on the two sides of a welding seam before welding, the welding seam is welded, and then a chilling medium is used for carrying out chilling on the welding seam. According to the thin plate weld with trailing deformation control device and method, the overall structure is compact, and the size is small; and on the basis of guaranteeing the quality of the welding seam, the welding residual stress level can be lowered, and compressional buckling instability and bending deformation can be controlled well.