The invention discloses a multi-path optical gyroscope synchronous acquisition system developed based on a CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device), which is applicable to various types of optical gyroscopes with acquisition interface circuits meeting RS422 standards. An inertia measurement unit acquisition system can be commonly established through the multi-path optical gyroscope synchronous acquisition system and a digital signal processor. The multi-path optical gyroscope synchronous acquisition system comprises a serial port expanded circuit and a control circuit realized by CPLD programming. The serial port expanded circuit is used for receiving an angle increment amount, temperature and time mark information, which are output by a gyroscope, converting the angle increment amount, the temperature and the time mark information into parallel data and transmitting the parallel data to the control circuit realized by the CPLD programming; and the control circuit realized by the CPLD programming is used for automatically initializing the serial port expanded circuit, transmitting a synchronous triggering signal transmitted by the multi-path optical gyroscope, and reading, checking, decoding and comprehensively processing gyroscope measured information at the same time. The multi-path optical gyroscope synchronous acquisition system is simple in structure and high in expansibility, and can be used for synchronously acquiring the multi-path optical gyroscope; and data overflow and loss can be effectively avoided, and high-speed and reliable data acquisition is realized; and complicated task loads of a rear-end digital signal process can be greatly reduced.