The invention provides a water cooling wall wall-climbing robot with the mathematical modeling multi-point synchronous thickness measuring function and belongs to the field of boiler water cooling wall detection. The robot aims at solving the problems that the thickness detection area of a water cooling pipe is large, the positions are scattered, measurement is inconvenient, and great difficulty is brought for workers. By the adoption of the water cooling wall wall-climbing robot with the mathematical modeling multi-point synchronous thickness measuring function, under the condition of rotation of synchronous belt main wheels, synchronous belt slave wheels and pressing wheel shafts are simultaneously driven by synchronous belts to rotate simultaneously, and the walking function of the robot is achieved. Multiple magnets are embedded in each magnet support and attracted to the surface of a water cooling wall through magnetic force. Meanwhile, the structure of each magnet support can exactly adapt to the radian of the water cooling pipe. Due to the fact that each magnet support is an elastic component, when the magnet supports are clamped on the water cooling pipe, return springs are tightened inwards, the force of the magnet supports clamping the water cooling pipe is increased, the grabbing force of the robot climbing on the surface of the water cooling wall is further increased, and the robot is prevented from falling.