The invention discloses a high-performance data processing system based on memory calculation. The high-performance data processing system comprises a data collecting interface defining module, a data real-time collecting module, a data memory storage module and a data processing module. By means of the data collecting interface defining module, a data table is selected, related fields of the data table are automatically extracted, and a user defines a compression mode according to the type and range of the fields. The data real-time collecting module is used for extracting related data from a data source according to metadata defined by the data collecting interface defining module, wherein the metadata normally refer to data in a defined data format, and the data source refers to specific service data and normally a relation database of an enterprise service system. The data memory storage module is used for storing the data in a memory through a dictionary mode and a shaping, coding and compressing algorithm in a syllable code mode. The data processing module comprises an SQL analyzing module and is used for extracting records in statistics according to needs. According to the high-performance data processing system based on memory calculation, the data are stored in the memory in a byte mode through compression and reconstruction on the premise that the statistical precision and speed are not influenced.