The invention provides an automatic purging and dust removing device for a railway vehicle. Automatic purging devices are arranged at the two sides and the bottom of a compartment. Compressed air is utilized for automatically purging local parts of a vehicle body. Dust in the purging process enters a dust purification device through an exhaust opening formed in a house body, efficiently filtered, and then reaches the standard to be exhausted by means of an exhaust fan. A part of exhausted air is supplied into the semi-closed house body by means of an air return pipeline and an air supply opening to be circulated to form certain air distribution, and the dust is prevented from overflowing. The dust purification device carries out timing automatic dust removing by the adoption of reverse blowing of compressed air pulses, and labor cost is saved. The automatic purging and dust removing device is reasonable in structural design, high in purification efficiency and low in operation energy consumption.