The invention discloses a visible light receiving device. The visible light receiving device comprises a photodiode, a USB interface and a shell. The photodiode is arranged on the shell. The shell is provided with the USB interface. An amplifying circuit, a band-pass filtering circuit, a frequency discriminating circuit, a waveshaping circuit, a microcontroller and a USB conversion circuit are arranged in the shell. The signal output end of the photodiode is connected with the signal input end of the amplifying circuit. The signal output end of the amplifying circuit is connected with the signal input end of the frequency discriminating circuit through the band-pass filtering circuit. The signal output end of the frequency discriminating circuit is connected with the signal input end of the microcontroller through the waveshaping circuit. The signal output end of the microcontroller is connected with the USB interface through the USB conversion circuit. According to the visible light receiving device, a microprocessor is connected with the upper computer through the USB interface, the program of the microcontroller can be altered according to different protocols, the visible light receiving device is made to be capable of identifying data signals under different communication protocols, and great convenience is provided to researches on the visible light communication protocols.