The invention discloses a casting technology of a cylinder cover and engine body components of a diesel engine. The casting technology comprises the steps of firstly, heating an aluminum alloy ingot, putting a sand core into a preset position of a mold after curing molding of the aluminum alloy ingot, and then installing a metal mold on a casting machine; putting the sand core into an opened mold, and assembling the mold to form an integral mold; cleaning the mold and spraying paint before pouring, and pouring liquid metal into the mold; and finally, taking out the casting, and cleaning the sand core. The casting technology of the cylinder cover and engine body components of the diesel engine, which is provided by the invention, overcomes the problems of multiple working procedures and high workload in the prior art; the casting product is high in yield, and good in quality and processing technological property, and the labor intensity is alleviated greatly.