The invention discloses a preparation method of activated cokes with surface functional groups with directionally distributed polarities. The invention relates to a preparation method of activated cokes, which is designed for solving the problems that in the process of preparing activated cokes by using an existing gas activation method, the damage of micropores causes the reduction of the number of alkaline functional groups, and after an activation process is completed, the number of surface polar functional groups of mesopores and macropores is extremely low. The preparation method comprises the following steps: 1, crushing and screening weak caking coal; 2, carrying out air preoxidation treatment; 3, under the condition of air isolating, heating to 700-800 DEG C, so that a carbonized material is obtained; 4, carrying out preliminary activation by taking mixed gas of water vapor and O2 as an activator; 5, carrying out in-depth activation by taking CO2 as an activator, so that an activated coke is obtained; and 6, carrying out surface oxidation treatment. According to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the directional distribution of polarities of surface functional groups in a pore structure is realized, and the activated coke of which the surfaces of micropores are rich in alkaline surface functional groups and a moderate amount of polar functional groups are distributed on the surfaces of mesopores and macropores is prepared.