The invention discloses a method for extracting and separating eucommia ulmoides rubber. The method comprises the following steps: performing pretreatment, performing alkali treatment, performing enzymolysis, and performing extraction and purification. The innovative points are that the step of steam explosion pretreatment is carried out after the step of pretreatment and comprises the following sub-steps: soaking a pretreated material in water with the temperature of 20-30 DEG C for 0-24 hours, and performing steam explosion on the soaked material in a steam explosion device. According to the method, the eucommia ulmoides rubber is extracted and separated by the steam explosion process, the eucommia ulmoides raw material does not need to be excessively ground, the extraction and separation time is short, the oxidation of part of the eucommia ulmoides rubber caused by long-time fermentation is effectively avoided, the natural filament eucommia ulmoides rubber can be obtained, the biological characteristics, physical performance and physical state of a rubber body are kept, and the original molecular structure and polymerization degree are kept; in addition, while the eucommia ulmoides rubber is extracted and separated by the steam explosion pretreatment, eucommia ulmoides polysaccharides are obtained by a membrane concentration and separation technology and the added value of a product is increased.